Phonics refers to which type of relationship?

Phonics specifically describes the relationship between phonemes, which are the smallest units of sound in spoken language, and graphemes, which are the letters or letter combinations that represent those sounds in written language. Understanding this relationship is fundamental for reading and writing, as it aids learners in decoding words by associating sounds with their corresponding letters. This phonetic knowledge enables students to sound out words while reading and to spell words correctly based on their sounds. Therefore, recognizing the link between phonemes and graphemes is essential in phonics instruction and literacy development.